Readings
Excerpt from
"Homily on Our Lord"
By St. Ephraem (d. A.D. 373)
48. Now Simeon
the priest, when he took Him up in his arms to present Him before God,
understood as he saw Him that He was not presenting Him, but was being
himself presented. For the Son was not presented by the servant to His
Father, but the servant was presented by the Son to his Lord. For it is
not possible that He, by Whom every offering is presented, should be
presented by another. For the offering does not present him that offers
it; but by them that offer are offerings presented. So then He Who
receives offerings gave Himself to be offered by another, that those
who presented Him, while offering Him, might themselves be presented by
Him. For as He gave His body to be eaten, that when eaten It might
quicken to life them that ate Him; so He gave Himself to be offered,
that by His Cross the hands of them that offered Him might be
sanctified.
So, then, though the arms of Simeon seemed to be presenting the Son,
yet the words of Simeon testified that he was presented by the Son.
Therefore we can have no dispute concerning this, because that which
was said put an end to dispute; 'Now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in
peace. He then who is let depart to go in peace to God, is presented as
an offering to God. And in order to make known by whom he was
presented, he said, For lo! mine eyes have seen Thy mercy.'
If there was no grace wrought on him, why then did he give thanks? But
rightly did he give thanks, that he was thought worthy to receive in
his arms Him, Whom angels and prophets greatly desired to see. For lo!
mine eyes have seen Thy mercy. Let us understand then and see. Is mercy
that which shows mercy to another, or is it that which receives mercy
from another? But if mercy is that which shows mercy to all, well did
Simeon call our Lord by the name of the mercy that showed mercy to him,
Him Who freed him from the world which is full of snares, that he might
go to Eden which is full of pleasures; for he who was priest said and
testified that he was offered as an offering, that from the midst of
the perishing world he should go and be stored up in the treasure-house
which is kept safe. For one for whom it may be that what he has found
should be lost, to him it belongs to be diligent that it should be kept
safe. But for our Lord it could not be that He should be lost; but by
Him the lost were found. So then, through the Son Who could not be
lost. the servant who was very desirous not to be lost, was presented.
Lo! mine eyes have seen Thy mercy. It is evident Simeon received grace
from that Child Whom he was carrying. For inwardly he received grace
from that Infant, Whom openly he received in his arms. For through Him
Who was glorious, even when He was carried, being small and feeble, he
that carried Him was made great.
49. But inasmuch as Simeon endured to carry on his weak arms that
Majesty which the creatures could not endure, it is evident that his
weakness was made strong by the strength which he carried. For at that
time Simeon also along with all creatures was secretly upheld by the
almighty strength of the Son. Now this is a marvel, that outwardly it
was he that was strengthened that carried Him Who strengthened him; but
inwardly it was the strength that bore its bearer. For the Majesty
straitened itself, that they who carried it might endure it; in order
that as far as that Majesty stooped to our littleness, so far should
our love be raised up from all desires to reach that Majesty.
50. So likewise the ship that carried our Lord; it was He that bare it,
in that He stayed from it the wind that would have sunk it. Peace, for
thou art shut up. While He was on the sea, His arm reached even to the
fountain of the wind, to shut it up. The ship bare His manhood, but the
power of His Godhead bare the ship and all that was therein. But that
He might show that even His manhood needed not the ship, instead of the
planks which a shipwright puts together and fastens, He like the
Architect of creation, made the waters solid and joined them together
and laid them under His feet.
So the Lord strengthened the hands of Simeon the Priest, that his arms
might bear up hi the Temple the strength that was bearing-up all; as He
strengthened the feet of Simeon the Apostle, that they might bear
themselves up on the water. And so that name which bore the
first-begotten in the Temple was afterwards borne up by the
first-begotten in the sea; that He might show that as in the sea the
drowning was borne up by Him, He did not need to be borne by Simeon on
the dry ground. But our Lord bare Simeon up openly in the midst of the
sea to teach that also on the dry land He supported him secretly.
51. Accordingly, the Son came to the servant; not that the Son might be
presented by the servant, but that by the Son the servant might present
to His Lord Priesthood and Prophecy, to be laid up with Him. For
prophecy and priesthood, which were given through Moses, were handed
down, both of them, and reached to Simeon. For he was a pure vessel,
who sanctified himself that he might be like Moses, capable for both of
them. There are small vessels which are capable for great gifts. There
are gifts for which one is capable, by reason of their. grace; yet many
are not capable for them, by reason of their greatness.
Thus, then, Simeon presented our Lord, and in Him offered both these
things; so that that which was given to Moses in the wilderness, was
received from Simeon in the Temple. But seeing that our Lord is the
vessel wherein all fulness dwells, when Simeon was offering Him before
God, he poured over Him as a drink-offering those two gifts, priesthood
from His hands and prophecy from His lips. Priesthood continued to oil
the hands of Simeon, because of his purifications; and prophecy dwelt
in operation upon his lips, because of revelations. When then these two
powers saw Him who was Lord of both, they two united together and
poured themselves into the vessel that was capable of both; that could
contain priesthood and kingdom and prophecy.
That Infant then, who was wrapped in swaddling clothes, because of His
graciousness, clothed Himself in priesthood and prophecy because of His
Majesty. For Simeon clothed Him in these, and gave Him to her who had
wrapped Him in swaddling clothes. For when he gave Him to His mother,
he gave along with Him the priesthood; and when he prophesied to her
concerning Him, This Child is set for the fall and rising again, he
gave prophecy also with Him.
52. Then Mary received her firstborn and went forth. He was outwardly
wrapped in swaddling clothes, but secretly He was clothed with prophecy
and priesthood. Whatsoever then was handed down from Moses, was
received from Simeon, but continued and was possessed by the Lord of
both. So then the steward first, and the treasurer lastly, handed over
the keys of priesthood and prophecy to Him who has authority over the
treasurer of them both.
Therefore, His Father gave Him the spirit not by measure, because all
measures of the spirit are under his hand. And that our Lord might show
that He received the keys from the former stewards, He said to Simeon
[Simon Peter]: To thee I will give the keys of the doors. But how
should He have given them to another, had He not received them from
another? So, then, the keys which He had received from Simeon the
priest, them He gave to another Simeon the Apostle; that even though
the People had not hearkened to the former Simeon, the Gentiles might
hearken to the latter Simeon.
53. But because John also was the treasurer of baptism, the Lord of the
stewardship came to him to receive from him the keys of the house of
reconciliation. For John used to wash away in common water the
blemishes of sins; that bodies might become meet for the garment of the
Spirit, given by our Lord. Therefore, because the Spirit was with the
Son, He came to John to receive from him baptism, that He might mingle
with the visible waters the invisible Spirit; that they whose bodies
should feel the moistening of the water, their souls should feel the
gift of the Spirit; that even as the bodies outwardly feel the pouring
of the water upon them, so the souls inwardly may feel the pouring of
the Spirit upon them.
Accordingly, even as our Lord when He was baptised, was clothed in
baptism and carried baptism with Him, so also when He was presented in
the Temple, He put on prophecy and priesthood, and went forth bearing
the purity of the priesthood upon His pure members, and bearing the
words of prophecy in His wondrous ears. For when Simeon was sanctifying
the body of the Child who sanctifies all, that body received the
priesthood in its sanctification. And again, when Simeon was
prophesying over Him, prophecy quickly entered the hearing of the
Child, For if John leaped in the womb and perceived the voice of the
Mother of our Lord, how much more should our Lord have heard in the
Temple? For lo! it was because of Him that John knew so as to hear in
the womb.
54. Accordingly, each one of the gifts that was stored up for the Son,
He gathered from their true tree. For He received baptism from the
Jordan, even though John still after Him used to baptise. And He
received priesthood from the Temple, even though Annas the High Priest
exercised it. And again, He received prophecy which had beets handed
down amongst the righteous, even though by it Caiaphas in mockery
platted a crown for our Lord, and He received the kingdom from the
house of David, even though Herod held the place and exercised it.
55. This is He Who flew and came down from on high; and when all those
gifts which He had given to those of old time saw Him, they came flying
from every quarter and rested on Him their Giver. For they gathered
themselves together from every side, to come and be grafted into their
natural tree. For they had been grafted into hitter trees, namely into
wicked kings and priests. Therefore they hastened to come to their
sweet parent-stock; namely to the Godhead Who in sufficiency came down
to the people of Israel, that the parts of Him might be gathered to
Him. And when He received of them that which was His own, that which
was not His own was rejected; since for the sake of His own He had
borne also with that which was not His own. For He bore with the
idolatry of Israel, for the sake of His priesthood; and He bore with
its diviners, for the sake of His prophets; and He bore with its wicked
dominion, for the sake of His holy crown.
56. But when our Lord took to Himself Priesthood from them, He
sanctified by it all the Gentiles. And again, when He took to Himself
prophecy, He revealed by it His couusels to all nations. And when he
wove His crown, He bound the strong One who takes all men captive, and
divides his spoils. These gifts were barren, with the fig-tree, which
while it was barren of fruit made barren such glorious powers as these.
Therefore as being without fruit, it was cut off, that these gifts
might pass forth from it and bring forth fruit abundantly among all the
Gentiles.
57. So He, Who came to make our bodies abodes for His indwelling,
passed by all those dwelling-places. Let each one of us then be a
dwelling-place for Him Who loves me. Let us come to Him and make our
abode with Him. This is the Godhead Whom though all creation cannot
contain, yet a lowly and humble soul suffices to receive Him.